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Faraday’s electromagnetic induction experiment showing induction between coils of wire Credit: Wikimedia Commons |
What Is Electromagnetic Induction?
History Of Electromagnetic Induction
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Ørsted’s experiment demonstrating that electric currents create magnetic fields Credit: Wikimedia Commons |
Although Michael Faraday an English scientist, is generally credited for the discovery of electromagnetic induction, it was Hans Christian Ørsted a Danish physicist who was the first individual to discover that electric current creates magnetism, which is referred as the first connection found between electricity and magnetism. Soon after one year of Faraday’s discovery, an American scientist Joseph Henry too independently discovered electromagnetic induction phenomena.
see also, A Brief Analysis Of Four Fundamental Interactions Of Nature
Discovery Of Electromagnetic Induction
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A diagram of Faraday’s iron ring experiment. Change in the magnetic flux of the left side of the coil induces a current in the right side of the coil Credit: Wikimedia Commons |
He saw a current flowing on two occasions: first– when he connected the wire to the battery and second– when he disconnected the wire from the battery and called the flowing current “wave of electricity“. He calculated that the current was induced due to the magnetic flux; occurred when the battery was connected and disconnected simultaneously (change in the magnetic field). The induction phenomenon discovered by Michael Faraday is also known as Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction. Within the first two-three months of Faraday’s discovery, he found some other illustrations of electromagnetic induction such as Faraday’s disk.
Faraday also demonstrated that electromagnetic induction works reverse as well that is a moving electric charge can also generate magnetic field the same as the magnetic field generates an electric charge.
Faraday’s Law Of Electromagnetic Induction
when the flux magnetic field passes through the area bounded by a closed conducting loop charges, an emf (electromagnetic force) is produced in the loop.
the emf is given by
where,
ε = induced voltage in volts
N = no. of turns in the wire coil
t = time in second
and
where
B = magnetic field
dA = area vector
Maxwell-Faraday Equation
Applications Of Faraday’s Law Of Induction
- transformer
- inductors
- generators
- electric motors
- solenoid etc.